Sources: American Cancer Society, American Society of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, and Texas Cancer Registry
The disease forms in one of two different types of glands: exocrine (glands that make enzymes to aid digestion) and endocrine (hormone-making glands). Exocrine tumors comprise more than 90 percent of pancreatic cancer cases. The prognosis and treatment of endocrine cancers of the pancreas, also called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), vary from the more common exocrine cancers because they may have different causes, risk factors, growth characteristics, symptoms, and treatment methods.
In 2021, pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Texas. The survival rates for pancreatic cancer are lower than most forms of cancer, with only 10 percent of patients expected to survive more than five years. The low survival rates can be attributed in part to the lack of symptoms during early stages of the disease and the lack of a reliable screening test.
Because the pancreas is located deep in the body, physicians often are unable to detect tumors during a regular checkup. When symptoms begin to appear, pancreatic cancer has often grown to an advanced stage and metastasized to surrounding organs, leading to a lower survival rate. If any of these symptoms are experienced, consult a physician:
While there is no definitive way to prevent pancreatic cancer, men and women can actively take steps to decrease their risk. Because smokers face a significantly increased risk, everyone should avoid smoking, as the use of tobacco also increases risk for a number of cancer types. Heavy alcohol consumption can lead to certain conditions that increase pancreatic cancer risk, such as chronic pancreatitis and cirrhosis, and should also be avoided. In addition, obesity can further complicate pancreatic cancer, so maintaining a healthy body weight through proper nutrition and consistent physical activity is recommended.
Treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients often include surgery, radiation therapy, proton therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, ablation or embolization treatment, or palliative therapy. A combination of treatments may provide the best chance of disease control. In addition, clinical trials are conducted to identify new cancer therapies to improve treatment outcomes. Through participation in clinical trials, patients can help physicians identify new and promising drugs while expanding treatment options.
