Andrew K. Lee, M.D., MPH

General Summary

Andrew Lee, M.D., is medical director of the Texas Center for Proton Therapy. He is a radiation oncologist, specializing in prostate and other genitourinary cancers. He has co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, abstracts, and book chapters on his research in prostate cancer and proton therapy, and is internationally recognized as a leader in proton therapy for prostate cancer.

At MD Anderson, where he was a professor of radiation oncology and served on its faculty for almost 14 years, Dr. Lee launched proton therapy in 2006 and served as the first and founding director of the Program for Advanced Technology and as the Medical Director of the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center. He was the first physician in North America to treat patients with pencil-beam scanning (the most advanced proton technology), which enables greater accuracy in tumor treatments compared to traditional proton beam therapy.

Education

• Residency in Radiation Oncology
  Harvard Medical School-Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA
• Internship in Internal Medicine
  Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
• Medical Doctorate
  University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
• Master of Public Health
  Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

Medical Practice

Research Interest

Surgery Locations

Other Information

Having grown up in Minnesota, Dr. Lee is an avid fisherman and enjoys playing ice hockey.

Accolades & Memberships

• U.S. News & World Report‘s List of Best Doctors
• University Cancer Foundation Faculty Achievement Award in Patient Care, 2014, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
• American Society of Clinical Oncology
• American Urological Association
• American Society for Radiation Oncology

Community Service

Publications

• Towards effective and efficient patient-specific quality assurance for spot-scanning proton therapy
  

  Cancers, 2015

• Real-time in vivo rectal wall dosimetry using plastic scintillation detectors for patients with prostate cancer
  

  Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2014

• Risk of late toxicity in men receiving dose-escalated hypofractionated intensity modulated prostate radiation therapy: results from a randomized trial
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2014

• The Influence of Age and Comorbidity on the Benefit of Adding Androgen Deprivation to Dose-escalated Radiation in Men With Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer
  

  American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2014

• Current Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer in the United States
  

  Journal of Urology, 2014

• Impact of a clinical trial initiative on clinical trial enrollment in a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic
  

  Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2014

• A single-field integrated boost treatment planning technique for spot scanning proton therapy
  

  Radiation Oncology, 2014

• Use of treatment log files in spot scanning proton therapy as part of patient-specific quality assurance
  

  Medical Physics, 2013

• Establishing and expanding the indications for proton and particle therapy
  

  Acta Oncologica, 2013

• Multifield optimization intensity-modulated proton therapy (MFO-IMPT) for prostate cancer: Robustness analysis through simulation of rotational and translational alignment errors
  

  Medical Dosimetry, 2013

• A Fully Automated Method for CT-on-Rails-Guided Online Adaptive Planning for Prostate Cancer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

• Factors associated with improved biochemical response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy before definitive radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients
  

  Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 2013

• Statistical Assessment of Proton Treatment Plans under Setup and Range Uncertainties
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

• Declining use of brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer

  Brachytherapy, 2013

• Anatomic variation and dosimetric consequences of neoadjuvant hormone therapy before radiation therapy for prostate cancer
  

  Practical Radiation Oncology, 2013

• Core Physics Competencies for Proton Therapy Training of Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Residents and Fellows
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

• Quality of Life and Toxicity From Passively Scattered and Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

• Dosimetric Effects of Weight Loss or Gain During Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
  

  Medical Dosimetry, 2013

• Is Androgen Deprivation Therapy Necessary in All Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated in the Dose Escalation Era?

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology , 2012

• Prostate cancer-specific mortality after definitive radiation therapy: who dies of disease?
  

  European Journal of Cancer, 2012

• Screening Colonoscopy Before Prostate Cancer Treatment Can Detect Colorectal Cancers in Asymptomatic Patients and Reduce the Rate of Complications After Brachytherapy

  Practical Radiation Oncology, 2012

• Uncertainty incorporated beam angle optimization for IMPT treatment planning
  

  Medical Physics, 2012

• Addition of short-term androgen deprivation therapy to dose-escalated radiation therapy improves failure-free survival for select men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer
  

  Annals of Oncology, 2012

• Effectiveness of a novel gas-release endorectal balloon in the removal of rectal gas for prostate proton radiation therapy
  

  Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2012

• In-phantom dose verification of prostate IMRT and VMAT deliveries using plastic scintillation detectors
  

  Radiation Measurements, 2012

• Risk of radiogenic second cancers following volumetric modulated arc therapy and proton arc therapy for prostate cancer
  

  Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2012

• PSA response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy is a strong independent predictor of survival in high-risk prostate cancer in the dose-escalated radiation therapy era
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2012

• Verification of proton range, position, and intensity in IMPT with a 3D liquid scintillator detector system
  

  Medical Physics, 2012

• Proton beam therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer
  

  Practical Radiation Oncology, 2012

• A Comprehensive Comparison of IMRT and VMAT Plan Quality for Prostate Cancer Treatment
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2012

• Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging for predicting pathologic T3 disease in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer: Implications for prostate brachytherapy
  

  Brachytherapy, 2012

• Dosimetric impact of fiducial markers in patients undergoing photon beam radiation therapy
  

  Physica Medica, 2011

• Characterization of dose impact on IMRT and VMAT from couch attenuation for two Varian couches
  

  Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2011

• Long-term Failure Patterns and Survival in a Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Who Dies of Disease? 
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

• Patient-Specific Quality Assurance for Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Spot Scanning Proton Therapy Using Single-Field Uniform Dose
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

• Role of radiation therapy for the treatment of lymph nodes in urologic malignancies

  Urologic Clinics of North America, 2011

• Efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists used in the treatment of prostate cancer
  

  Journal of Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 2011

• A Beam-specific Planning Target Volume (PTV) Design for Proton Therapy to Account for Setup and Range Uncertainties
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

• A volumetric trend analysis of the prostate and seminal vesicles during a course of intensity-modulated radiation therapy
  

  American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2010

• Toward a real-time in vivo dosimetry system using plastic scintillation detectors
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

• Spot Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Treatment Planning Technique and Analysis of Consequences of Rotational and Translational Alignment Errors
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

• Late Rectal Toxicity on RTOG 94-06: Analysis Using a Mixture Lyman Model
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

• Dose perturbations and image artifacts caused by carbon-coated ceramic and stainless steel fiducials used in proton therapy for prostate cancer
  

  Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2010

• Prostogram predicted brachytherapy outcomes are not universally accurate: an analysis based on the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with (125)iodine brachytherapy

  Journal of Urology, 2009

• Risk of secondary malignant neoplasms from proton therapy and intensity-modulated x-ray therapy for early-stage prostate cancer
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2009

• The MD Anderson Proton Therapy System

  Medical Physics, 2009

• Urinary side effects and complications after permanent prostate brachytherapy: the MD Anderson Cancer Center experience

  Urology, 2009

• Dosimetric Changes Resulting From Patient Rotational Setup Errors in Proton Therapy Prostate Plans
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

• Can digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography biopsy findings predict the side of nodal metastasis in prostate cancer?

  Urologic Oncology, 2008

• Long-term results of the M. D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

• Reducing stray radiation dose to patients receiving passively scattered proton radiotherapy for prostate cancer
  

  Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2008

• Prostate Specific Antigen Working Group guidelines on prostate specific antigen doubling time
  

  Journal of Urology, 2008

• Changes in the pelvic anatomy after an IMRT treatment fraction of prostate cancer

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2007

• Commentary on "Cancer Specific Mortality After Radiation Therapy with Short-Course Hormonal Therapy or Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Localized, Intermediate-Risk to High-Risk Prostate Cancer"

  The American Journal of Hematology/Oncology, 2007

• Implication of CT table sag on geometrical accuracy during virtual simulation

  Medical Dosimetry, 2007

• Investigation of bladder dose and volume factors influencing late urinary toxicity after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2007

• Is a 3-mm intrafractional margin sufficient for daily image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy of prostate cancer?

  Radiotherapy & Oncology, 2007

• Monte Carlo simulations of the dosimetric impact of radiopaque fiducial markers for proton radiotherapy of the prostate

  Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2007

• Using prostate-specific antigen doubling time in clinical practice

  BJU International, 2007

• Effect of anatomic motion on proton therapy dose distributions in prostate cancer treatment
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology , 2007

• Surgically managed lymph node-positive prostate cancer: does delaying hormonal therapy worsen the outcome?
  

  BJU International, 2007

• Reducing metal artifacts in cone-beam CT images by preprocessing projection data
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2006

• Late gastrointestinal toxicity after radiation for prostate cancer

  Cancer, 2006

• Presalvage prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA doubling time as predictors of biochemical failure of salvage cryotherapy in patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy

  Cancer, 2006

• Influence of obesity on biochemical and clinical failure after external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

  Cancer, 2006

• Update on radiation therapy in prostate cancer
  

  Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2006

• Dosimetric comparison of four target alignment methods for prostate cancer radiotherapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology , 2006

• Radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy for prostate cancer
  

  Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 2006

• Assessing the impact of an alternative biochemical failure definition on radiation dose response for high-risk prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

• Dose-response characteristics of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

• Implementation and validation of a three-dimensional deformable registration algorithm for targeted prostate cancer radiotherapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

• Symptomatic local recurrence of prostate carcinoma after radiation therapy

  Cancer, 2005

• Is patient age a factor in the occurrence of prostate-specific antigen bounce phenomenon after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer?
  

  Urology, 2005

• Outcome of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with or without hormonal therapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

• Prostate-specific antigen doubling time predicts clinical outcome and survival in prostate cancer patients treated with combined radiation and hormone therapy
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

• Utility of prostate-specific antigen kinetics in addition to clinical factors in the selection of patients for salvage local therapy
  

  Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

• Comparison of treatment volumes and techniques in prostate cancer radiation therapy
  

  American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

• Mortality after cure of testicular seminoma
  

  Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004

• In vivo tumor imaging in mice with near-infrared labeled endostatin
  

  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2004

• Evaluation of a contour-alignment technique for CT-guided prostate radiotherapy: an intra- and interobserver study
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2004

• Rise in serum PSA of 1.5 ng/mL above 24-month nadir after external beam radiotherapy is predictive of biochemical failure
  

  Urology, 2004

• Racial influence on biochemical disease-free survival in men treated with external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
  

  Journal of the National Medical Association, 2004

• Can the core length involved with prostate cancer identify clinically insignificant disease in low risk patients diagnosed on the basis of a single positive core?
  

  Urologic Oncology, 2003

• Bcl-2 is significantly overexpressed in localized radio-recurrent prostate carcinoma, compared with localized radio-naive prostate carcinoma
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

• Hazard rates of disease progression after external beam radiotherapy for clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate
  

  Journal of Urology, 2003

• Current results of brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcoma
  

  Current Opinion in Oncology, 2003

• Dosimetric consequences of using a surrogate urethra to estimate urethral dose after brachytherapy for prostate cancer
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

• Utility of the percentage of positive prostate biopsies in predicting PSA outcome after radiotherapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer
  

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

• Uncertainties in physical and biological targeting with radiation therapy
  

  Rays, 2003

• Prostate specific antigen bounce phenomenon after external beam radiation for clinically localized prostate cancer

  Journal of Urology, 2002

• Optimizing patient selection for prostate monotherapy

  International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2001

• Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with single brain metastasis
  

  Journal of Radiosurgery, 1998

• Characterization of the three-compartment gel-entrapment porcine hepatocyte bioartificial liver

  Cell Biology and Toxicology, 1997