Though we often picture youthhood as a time of mostly carefree, exuberant living, unexpected health concerns can cloud that ideal vision. Recent research indicates that colorectal cancer —
among other cancers — is on the rise in younger adults, an emerging and troubling trend for oncologists. In the past several decades,
cases of colorectal cancer in those under the age of 50 have steadily increased. While the direct cause of this increase varies by patient, one thing is clear –– cancer knows no age restrictions.
That’s why it’s crucial for adults of all ages to become more informed about their colorectal health and learn to recognize signs and symptoms. The good news is that colorectal cancer death rates continue to drop due to advancements in screening, prevention, and treatment. The questions and answers below can help you better understand how to take control of your health.
Am I at risk?
Age is just one of many
risk factors related to colorectal cancer. It’s vital for people under the age of 50 to become familiar with the other risk factors. Diets that contain large amounts of red and processed meats can increase risk, and so can excess weight or conditions like type 2 diabetes. People with a history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease may also be at higher risk. Risk is also tied to family history or inherited syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome.
When should I get screened?
Although the cause remains unclear, colorectal cancer cases are rising among people under the age of 50. This increasing rate led to an update in colorectal cancer screening guidelines in the U.S., which now recommend men and women with an average risk
begin regular screenings at age 45, instead of 50. Those with an increased risk should consult their physician about whether to begin screenings earlier than age 45 and also check whether insurance will cover the screening.
What signs and symptoms should I watch for?
Adults of all ages are encouraged to pay close attention to the
signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer –– and so should their doctors. While colorectal cancer often doesn’t present symptoms until later stages, common signs may include:
- Abnormal bowel habits
- Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
- Cramping or stomach discomfort
- Frequent gas or feeling bloated
- Bleeding from the rectum or on the stool
- Feeling of weakness or fatigue
- Stools that are narrower than usual
- Anemia
- Decreased appetite or unexplained weight loss
- Feeling like bowel doesn’t fully empty
What are the key challenges?
When it comes to colorectal cancer, the facts tell the story. Although the
five-year survival rate for colorectal cancer discovered early and before the cancer spreads is 91 percent, only about 35 percent of colorectal cancers are identified in this early stage.
Additionally, the
Colorectal Cancer Alliance found 75 percent of young adults with early-onset colorectal cancer were concerned about their mental health, 66 percent took a leave of absence from work or school, and more than 50 percent experienced financial difficulties. Young adults living with colorectal cancer shouldn’t be afraid to seek help. At Texas Oncology, many resources are available for patients and caregivers, such as counseling and
social services, tips for managing
cancer in the workplace, and guidance on
family planning.
This year, an estimated
154,270 new cases of colon and rectal cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. As we see more of these cases in younger patients, all adults are encouraged to speak with their doctor about potential risk factors, signs and symptoms, and when to begin regular screenings to improve early detection and prevention.