Did you know that in the United States, treatment from breast cancer, which may involve the removal of lymph nodes and radiation therapy, is the leading cause of lymphedema? Approximately one in five people treated for breast cancer will experience lymphedema, or swelling in a particular body part (arm, leg, or neck are the most common) caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system. It’s important for breast cancer patients to understand the symptoms and how they can reduce their risk.
Common life-saving cancer treatments such as breast surgery and radiation therapy make breast cancer patients particularly vulnerable to this condition. The likelihood of developing lymphedema increases with the amount of breast tissue removed, the number of lymph nodes removed, and the amount and extent of radiation treatments. While necessary, breast cancer treatment can disrupt the natural flow of lymphatic fluid, increasing the risk of lymphedema.
Understanding the symptoms of lymphedema and potential prevention strategies can help breast cancer patients have informed conversations with their care team about this little-known side effect of breast cancer treatment. To learn more, we spoke with Katrina Birdwell, M.D., FACS, breast surgeon at Texas Breast Specialists–Mansfield, Methodist Dallas Cancer Center, and Midlothian, whose specialty in multidisciplinary breast cancer care includes a coordinated approach between all care team members to provide quality care while minimizing side effects like lymphedema.
1) What are the signs and symptoms of lymphedema?
The most common sign of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment is a heaviness or weighted feeling to the affected body part. Some patients may notice a color or temperature change as well as pain or achiness in the arm. Lymphedema usually develops within 24 months after surgery or cancer treatment. However, in some cases lymphedema can occur several years after surgery or treatment. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, consult with your physician as soon as possible.
2) Does lymphedema go away?
Unfortunately, the lymphatic system doesn’t have the ability to repair itself. Once an area has been damaged from surgery, radiation, or trauma, it doesn’t heal on its own. If lymphedema occurs, it can be managed, but it’s a lifelong condition. If not treated, the protein-rich fluid is a breeding ground for bacteria and infections that can become serious. Untreated, lymphedema tends to worsen over time.
3) How can I lower my risk of developing lymphedema?
Although lymphedema is not preventable, you can lower your risk of developing this condition after breast cancer treatment by avoiding, or at least minimizing, the following:
- Trauma to the breast and arm on the affected side
- Cuticle injuries during manicures
- Saunas or other extreme heat
- Carrying heavy shoulder strap handbags on the treated side
- Sun exposure and minor cuts or abrasions by using sunscreen and gloves
- Weight gain, which can also contribute to the chances of the breast cancer recurrence
- Tight jewelry or clothes with elastic bands
Patients diagnosed with lymphedema are encouraged to speak with their doctor on which available treatment options may be ideal in managing their specific side effects.
If you or someone you know was diagnosed with breast cancer, learn more about the
Lymphedema Prevention Program for guidance, or schedule at a consultation at
Texas Breast Specialists.